yC-NRLF 


B    4    D?M    320 


Human  Analysis 


By 
Elsie  Lincoln  Benedict,  M.  A. 


HUMAN    ANALYSIS 

Classification  of  Human  Beings 

(In  the  order  of  their  Biological  Evolution) 


Second  Edition 


By 
Elsie  Lincoln  Benedict,  M.  A. 

Special  acknowledgement  to  Dr.    Duren  J.  H.  Ward 
Formerly  of  the  Anthropological  Department  of  Harvard  University 


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Copyright   1919 

By  EUsie  Lincoln  Benedict 

All  Rights  Reserved 


Human   Analysis 

Classification  of  Human  Beings 

(In  the  Order  of  their  Biological  Evolution) 


I 


Introduction 

In  every  human  being  there  are  five  complete  systems  or  depart- 
ments. Every  person  is  born  with  one  or  two  of  these  systems  more 
highly  developed  than  the  others.  When  one  system  predominates  far 
above  the  other  four,  that  person  is  an  extreme  type.  When  all  systems 
are  practically  equal  and  even  in  their  development,  that  individual  is 
called  a  balanced  type.  But  this  rarely  happens.  The  majority  of 
human  beings  approximate  a  somewhat  balanced  type,  but  the  practiced 
eye  can  see,  even  in  these  cases,  which  system  predominates. 

For  the  purpose  of  emphasis  reference  herein  will  be  made  to 
extreme  types.     Combinations  will  be  referred  to  later. 

This  classification  is  the  latest  scientific  result  of  forty  years  of  re- 
search by  the  Anthropological  Departments  of  the  great  universities,  and 
is  the  most  comprehensive  and  accurate  in  existence.  Since  the  begin- 
ning of  time  man  has  been  trying  to  study  himself,  and  although  he  has 
classified  himself  according  to  many  phases  of  his  nature,  the  only  scien- 
tific classification — that  according  to  his  biological  evolution — was  never 
made  until  the  past  ten  years.  It  is  the  one  referred  to  in  these  lessons, 
and  has  been  so  thoroughly  tested  upon  thousands  of  people  that  its 
authenticity  and  effectiveness  are  now  recognized  by  scientists  every- 
where. 

This  classification  can  be  approached  from  any  angle  of  the  indi- 
vidual's nature,  and  it  will  stand  the  test.  It  deals  with  the  fundeunentaJ 
tendencies  and  not  with  superficialities.  The  fundamental  tendencies  of 
any  given  individual  can  be  determined  on  sight  by  this  classification. 

Remember,  we  say  fundamental  or  natural  tendencies.  The  indi- 
vidual may  have  grown  up  in  an  environment  which  necessitated  the 
crushing  down  or  repressing  of  his  natural  tendencies,  and  to  the  casual 
observer  the  result  of  this  environment  may  pass  as  the  real  individual.  But 
the  human  analyst  who  knows  this  classification  will  know  in  spite  of  the 
veneer  what  the  real  predilections,  preferences  and  leanings  of  the  indi- 
vidual are.  In  other  words,  society,  conventionality,  tradition,  parental 
training,  religious  teachings,  social  etiquette,  etc.,  may  have  given  him 
sets  of  rules  which  he  obeys  in  reacting  to  situations  which  arise,  but  his 


412062 


4  Tl-1):  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

11A.IW9J  p/eferences,  if  iaft.  to  themselves,  might  dictate  an  entirely  differ- 
ent reaction.  By  knowing  human  analysis  you  can  know  what  these 
natural  reactions  would  be. 

By  knowing  this  you  know  the  problems  which  arise  in  that  indi- 
vidual's life,  for  you  knov/ the  situation  from  which  every  problem  arises — 
instinct  thwarted  by  some  kind  of  outside  influence.  You  know  what  his 
natural  instincts  in  any  given  instance  would  be.  You  know  also  the 
response  which  custom  and  conventionality  demand  that  he  make  to 
that  situation.  In  brief,  you  know  (when  you  know  his  type)  the  thing 
he  would  prefer  to  do.  Also  you  know  the  thing  the  world  in  general 
makes  him  do,  and  here  his  problems  arise. 

But  at  this  point  comes  the  most  important  fact  which  science  has 
discovered:  That  every  hunnan  being  is  almost  certain  to  do  what  he 
wants  to  do  MOST  of  the  time.  So  when  you  know  what  his  type  prefers 
to  do,  you  know,  with  absolute  certainty,  what  he  is  doing  most  of  the 
time.  TTie  inborn  tendency  is  never  obliterated  and  seldom  controlled 
to  any  great  extent,  and  then  only  in  cases  where  the  individual  recog- 
nizes the  power  of  the  human  mind  over  these  inborn  trends.  Inasmuch 
as  a  knowledge  of  mental  control  is  possessed  today  by  but  few,  most 
of  the  people  of  the  earth  are  in  the  class  of  those  who  are  uncontrolled 
or  only  partially  controlled  by  the  rules,  regulations  and  laws  of  their 
particular  environment. 

In  other  words,  more  than  99%  of  all  the  people  you  meet  are  fol- 
lowing their  natural  bents  in  reacting  to  all  of  life's  emergencies,  and 
human  analysis  shows  you  at  a  glance  what  those  natural  bents  are.  The 
quick,  alert,  impulsive  man  or  woman  is  acting  quickly,  alertly  and  im- 
pulsively in  every  situation  where  some  powerful  restraining  influence  is 
not  exerted.  The  slow,  patient,  mild,  painstaking  individual  is  going  to 
be  slow,  patient,  mild  and  painstaking  in  spite  of  all  goads. 

Human  analysis  is  that  science  which  has  proven  that  you  can  recog- 
nize the  slow  man  and  the  quick  man  on  sight,  from  the  shape  of  his 
body,  face  and  head.  A  certain  kind  of  body,  face  and  head  indicates 
certain  tendencies.  It  is  neither  the  cause  nor  the  effect  of  those  tenden- 
cies, but  it  always  GOEIS  WITH  those  tendencies.  We  do  not  know 
why  this  is  so.  We  only  know  it  is  so,  and  are  enabled  to  know  vastly 
more  of  other  human  beings  and  their  natures  in  an  incredibly  short 
time  because  of  this. 

Some  of  the  old  attempts  at  character  analysis  classified  people 
according  to  their  religious,  political,  social  or  other  external  and  ac- 
quired characteristics.  Some  people  were  classified  as  "Idealistic,"  some 
as  "Instinctive,"  etc.  In  beginning  these  lessons  cast  aside  these  classi- 
fications, for  no  real  understanding  of  people  can  be  gained  from  them 
and  they  are  basically  unscientific.      As  a  matter  of  fact  every  human 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  5 

being  is  an  "idealist"  who  has  any  ideal  at  all,  and  this  includes  every- 
body. Everyone  has  some  kind  of  an  ideal.  It  may  be  to  achieve  a 
fortune  or  preach  the  gospel  or  have  four  meals  a  day.  Whatever  it  is, 
it  is  an  ideal  to  him.  Also  everyone  is  "instinctive."  The  instinctiveness 
does  not  necessarily  mean  that  he  is  low,  for  his  instinct  may  be  that  of 
altruism, — the  highest  instinct  known — in  which  case  the  "instinctive" 
individual  would  be  higher  and  finer  than  the  "idealistic"  individual 
whose  ideal  was  to  get  four  meals  a  day. 

-^  Nothing  is  more  unsafe  than  to  attempt  to  judge  or  classify  people 
according  to  their  ideas,  religious  faith,  ideals,  opinions  on  public 
questions,  attitude  toward  classes,  manner  of  speaking,  beliefs  of  all 
kinds,  because  these  are  not  a  part  of  the  individual  by  nature.  They 
are  the  impress  left  on  him  by  his  environment.  Born  in  another 
environment,  brought  up  in  any  other  religious  belief,  he  would  have 
taken  on  that  other  belief  as  readily  and  completely  as  he  has  taken  on 
his  present  one.  Idealism  is  a  matter  of  training,  chiefly  by  the  parents; 
religion  is  a  matter  of  early  teaching;  education  is  a  matter  of  early 
advantage;  political  leanings  are  the  result  of  having  had  a  Republican 
or  Democratic  or  Socialist  father;  manner  of  speech  is  the  result  of  early 
family  surroundings;  attitude  toward  rich  and  poor,  and  people  who 
are  in  another  class  from  us,  is  a  result  of  early  environment. 

But  the  real  individual  is  always  there,  filled  with  his  natural 
tendencies,  always  bending  toward  them,  always  tending  to  do  what  he 
has  a  natural  desire  to  do.  This  means  that  regardless  of  everything,  he 
will  do  it  whenever  possible. 

This  means  that  unless  he  gets  into  an  environment,  into  a  work, 
into  a  marriage  which  will  permit  of  his  doing  what  he  wants  to  do,  he 
will  be  miserable,  unsuccessful,  sometimes  criminal. 

Human  beings  change  very  little  as  to  inborn  trends.  The  problem 
of  life  is  to  take  every  individual  as  he  was  born,  accept  him  as  that 
particular  kind  of  mechanism,  and  help  him  to  find  the  work,  the 
environment,  the  friends,  the  marriage  where  his  inborn  tendencies  are 
needed. 


The  Alimentive  Type 

In  the  scale  of  life  the  first  creatures  were  adapted  only  for  nutrition. 
As  life  evolved,  other  functions  were  developed. 

In  human  life  those  individuals  whose  stomachs  are  the  predominat- 
ing system  are  called 

Alimentives 

In  these  individuals  the  entire  digestive  and  nutritive  system  is  more 
highly  developed  than  any  other  system  in  the  body.  The  first 
impression  you  get  of  this  type  is  that  he  is  fat. 

Physical  Signs 

The  head  is  small  in  comparison  with  the  body  proportions,  cheeks 
are  round,  full  and  often  bulging,  giving  the  head  and  face  the  shape 
of  a  pear  with  the  large  end  down.  This  individual  has  a  double,  triple 
or  quadruple  chin. 

Hair  may  be  medium  fine  to  coarse. 

The  body  is  modeled  upon  the  circle.  In  men  the  largest  part  is 
around  the  girth,  in  women  around  the  hips.  The  limbs  are  round, 
plump,  and  slightly  short  in  proportion  to  the  trunk,  which  is  long  and 
large  at  the  abdomen. 

The  shoulders  are  usually  sloping. 

Hands  and  feet  are  well  covered  with  flesh  and  often  "pudgy,"  with 
dimples  where  knuckles  ought  to  be. 

The  health  of  this  type  is  usually  good  up  to  40.  After  that  it  begins 
to  pay  the  price  of  overeating  and  develops  several  kinds  of  diseases. 

Diseases 

Pneumonia  and  Diabetes  are  the  two  most  frequent  maladies  affect- 
ing this  type,  with  Apoplexy  next  if  the  individual  combines  the  Thoracic 
type  with  the  Alimentive.      This  type  is  short  lived. 

According  to  the  death  statistics  of  the  U.  S.  Insurance  Companies, 
the  extremes  of  this  type  (those  from  30  to  70  pounds  overweight)  die 
before  50.  Really  fat  persons  seldom  live  to  be  80.  Most  of  those 
who  pass  the  80-year  mark  are  thin. 

Movements 

The  movements  of  this  type  are  slow  and  deliberate,  owing  to  the 
difficulty  of  moving  so  large  a  body  quickly.  They  "waddle"  in  their 
walk,  "spill  over"  their  chairs,  are  ponderous  in  arm  and  leg  move- 
ments, and  never  see  things  that  go  on  behind  them  because  it  is  so 
much  trouble  to  turn  the  head. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  7 

Voice 

The  voice  is  usually  medium  in  pitch. 

The  Keynote  of  This  Tjrpe 

The  keynote  in  the  life  of  this  type  is  enjoyment.  And  the  things 
he  enjoys  most  are  "the  good  things  of  life" — plenty  of  rich  food,  a 
car  to  ride  in,  a  warm  room,  a  soft  bed,  servants  to  wait  on  him,  good 
cigars — "the  best  of  everything"  without  effort  on  his  part.  He  loves 
ease  and  comfort,  and  is  much  upset  when  anything  interferes  with  it. 
He  cannot  lose  sleep  without  being  "all  in";  he  cannot  miss  a  meal 
without  feeling  inconvenienced.  He  rides  on  street  cars  if  he  does  not 
have  a  car,  and  makes  as  little  effort  through  life  as  possible. 

Clothes 

When  the  Alimentive  is  rich  (as  he  often  is  when  the  Mental  is 
combined  with  the  Alimentive)  he  will  wear  the  most  expensive  and 
extravagant  clothes  which  his  class  will  permit.  But  otherwise  he  will 
usually  be  seen  with  baggy  trousers,  creased  sleeves,  a  comfortably  soft 
collar,  and  gloveless.  Comfort  is  his  aim,  and  to  attain  it  he  will  wear 
an  old  pair  of  shoes  long  past  their  stage  of  usefulness  to  save  breaking 
in  a  new  pair. 

Food 

Watch  the  table  of  any  extremely  fat  man  in  a  restaurant,  and  you 
will  know  why  he  is  fat.  He  orders,  first  of  all,  plenty  of  meat;  he 
will  often  have  lots  of  butter,  olive  oil,  mayonnaise  dressing  and  whipped 
cream.  He  will  have  a  large  amount  of  bread  and  cake,  and  usually  a 
rich,  creamy  dessert — all  fattening  foods. 

Speech 

This  man  is  seldom  a  brilliant  talker,  for  he  is  too  indifferent  to 
store  his  mind  with  book  knowledge.  He  is  a  "jollier";  often  makes 
jokes  which  seem  cheap  and  tawdry  to  the  mental  types.  A  large  part 
of  his  conversation  deals  in  stories. 

He  seldom  worries  about  anything  outside  his  own  physical  comfort, 
and  the  reformer  who  risks  income,  future  and  money  for  a  political 
or  religious  or  social  cause  is  a  mystery  to  him.  Few  fat  men  are  found 
in   groups  of  extreme   radicals. 

Friends  He  Prefers 

This  man  prefers  people  like  himself.  This  is  more  or  less  true 
of  all  of  us,  but  there  are  types  which  take  a  lively  interest  in  those 
who  differ  from  them  in  type.  But  not  the  Alimentive.  When  in 
business,  such  as  that  of  traveling  salesman,  it  becomes  necessary  for 
him  to   get  the  good-will   of  other   types  of   men,    he  spends  his  time 


8  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

in  attacking  them  from  what  is  known  to  be  man's  most  vulnerable 
angle — his  vanity.  So  he  flatters,  "jollies,"  cajoles  and  wins  his  orders 
by  sheer  geniality.  He  is  so  harmless,  good-natured  and  cheery,  it  seems 
impossible  to  refuse  him.  But  when  he  is  looking  for  real  friends  he 
will  always  choose  people  as  near  like  himself  as  possible  in  order  to 
be   encouraged   in  his  chief   enjoyment — eating. 

People  He  Most  Dislikes 

The  type  this  man  most  dislikes  is  the  grouch.  He  ridicules  those 
who  go  on  a  diet.  He  refuses  to  believe  a  word  about  fat  men  dying 
young;  reminds  you  how  good  he  feels,  and  gayly  and  persistently  eats 
his  own  way  to  the  grave.  He  is  not  happy  w^ith  mental  people,  and 
will  have  none  of  their   "isms." 

(Remember  in  this  lesson  we  are  speaking  only  of  the  extreme 
Alimentive,  and  not  a  combination  of  Alimentive  with  anything  else. 
When  the  Alimentive  is  combined  with  the  mental,  the  man  will  talk 
seriously,  provided  it  is  on  a  subject  which  will  further  his  own  future 
business  or  other  personal  interests.) 

Amusements  and  Recreations 

The  favorite  "good  time"  of  the  Alimentive  is  attending  a  banquet 
or  going  out  to  a  big  dinner.  No  occasion  is  perfect  to  him  unless  it 
is  attended  by  "refreshments,"  and  then  it  must  be  good,  heavy, 
substantial  viands  to  fully  please  him. 

This  man's  only  outdoor  recreation,  if  he  had  his  way,  would  be 
automobiling  in  good  company  and  in  a  large  car.  He  hates  all  kinds 
of  physical  activity,  so  all  other  forms  of  recreation,  such  as  walking, 
hiking,  tennis,  even  bicycling,  are  distasteful  to  him.  In  small  towns  he 
is  the  permanent  warmer  of  a  chair  at  the  corner  store,  on  the  hotel 
piazza  and  other  convenient  places. 

He  likes  the  movies  because  they  call  for  no  effort  and  furnish  a 
comfortable  seat.  In  films  he  prefers  the  "funnies,"  and  the  more  these 
show  slapstick  situations  and  pie-throwing,  the  better  he  likes  them. 
To  him  humor  is  confined  chiefly  to  "jokes,"  the  obvious  and  comic. 
Nothing  subtle  reaches  him,  and,  as  for  a  problem  picture  or  play,  he 
snores  through  it  all. 

He  likes  musical  comedies,  especially  if  they  contain  plenty  of  chorus 
girls  without  plenty  of  clothes.  You  seldom  see  him  at  grand  opera, 
never  at  serious  dramas  (unless  dragged  there  by  someone  else),  but 
he  seldom  misses  a  circus. 

Physical  Habits 

Physical  habits  are  always  largely  a  matter  of  upbringing  and 
tradition,  but  each  type  betrays  its  natural  tendencies  in  spite  of  this. 
The  extreme  Alimentive  is  too  indolent  to  keep  himself  immaculate. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  9 

Music  He  Prefers 

The  Alimentive  prefers  ragtime,  love  songs  and  simple  music  of  all 
kinds. 

Reading 

The  Alimentive  is  not  a  reader,  but  whenever  he  does  read,  it  is 
something  funny,  simple  or  sentimental.  In  newspapers  he  reads  the 
"funny  page"  first,  then  the  sensational  news,  seldom  the  editorials. 

Types  They  Prefer  to  Marry 

The  Alimentive  person  wants  a  partner  just  as  near  like  him  in  tastes 
as  possible,  but  with  more  ambition.  Inasmuch  as  it  is  difficult  to  find 
active  persons  in  this  type,  they  usually  marry  one  whose  activity  and 
ambition  recommend  them  as  good  pullers,  or  the  merely  fat  individual 
who  makes  a  pal. 

Men  prefer  good  mothers,  and  the  Alimentive  women  prefer  "a 
good  provider,"  and  because  the  Alimentive  woman  most  nearly 
approximates  the  standard  of  feminine  prettiness,  she  marries  younger 
and  oftener  than  any  other  type. 

This  type,  when  married,  makes  an  easy-going  husband  or  wife;  a 
pleasing,  sweet-dispositioned  person  who  seldom  quarrels;  one  who  is 
usually  ready  for  a  good  time,  provided  it  requires  no  strenuosity. 

This  type  makes  lenient  parents.  They  allow  their  children  to  do 
largely  as  they  please,  and  then  choose  the  least  justifiable  occasion  for 
punishment,  because  they  are  ruled  more  by  their  feelings  and  less  by 
their  brains  than  any  other  type.  Waking  father  from  his  nap  or  inter- 
fering in  other  ways  with  his  comfort  and  ease  brings  the  quickest 
reprimand.  These  people  give  their  children  everything,  humor  them 
in  extreme  ways,  and  use  very  little  judgment  in  their  parenthood. 

Work  This  Type  Should  Follow 

Since  the  Alimentive  hates  physical  work  and  mental  work,  and  yet 
craves  the  things  that  only  plenty  of  money  can  bring  him,  he  is 
compelled  to  seek  work  in  which  he  will  direct  the  work  of  others. 
When  he  has  little  brain  power,  he  is  only  a  foreman  (who  often 
secures  his  job  by  flattery  and  keeps  it  because  he  uses  the  same  weapon 
to  get  on  well  with  his  men).  When  he  is  endowed  with  brains,  he 
becomes  a  captain  of  industry.  Many  of  the  richest  men  of  all  countries 
are  of  this  type.  Money  brings  in  its  train  the  friends,  the  business  and 
the  social  occasions  when  eating  is  compulsory.  TTie  rich  fat  man  who 
does  not  have  the  "baby"  face  was  not  an  Alimentive  primarily.  He 
got  that  way  as  a  result  of  money. 

Because  this  type  likes  good  things  to  eat,  fine  showing  everywhere, 
expensive   clothes,    touring  cars   and   all   the   comforts   and   luxuries    of 


10  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

life,  he  is  interested  in  them  in  all  their  forms  and  phases.  Therefore, 
he  makes  a  good  merchant,  for  he  can  interest  others  in  them. 

The  Alimentives  of  the  least  mentality  make  good  butchers,  restau- 
rant-keepers, bartenders,  saloon-keepers,  dance-hall  owners,  bakers, 
chefs,  grocers,  commission  merchants,  etc. 

These  men,  by  reason  of  their  ability  to  get  on  with  others,  make 
successful  politicians,  and  nearly  every  big  "boss"  is  fat. 

The  Strongest  Point  of  This  Type 

The  best  point  of  this  type  is  his  good  nature  and  his  disinclination 
to  cause  trouble.      He  mixes  well. 

The  Weakest  Point 

The  weakest  point  of  this  type  is  Self-indulgence. 

In  War 

The  world  war  proved  that  this  type  was  best  fitted  to  defend.  Its 
dogged  opposition  to  attack  was  its  distinguishing  point  of  strength. 


I 


The  Thoracic  Type 

The  second  system  developed  by  evolution  was  the  Thoracic.  This 
system  consists  of  the  heart,  lungs  and  blood  vessels.  Its  function  is  to 
distribute  the  food  (which  has  been  accumulated  by  the  Alimentive 
system)    throughout  the  body. 

Thoracics 

In  the  Thoracic  type  the  lungs,  heart  and  blood  vessels  are  highly 
developed.  The  first  impression  you  get  of  this  type  is  that  he  has  a 
red  face.  He  may  have  any  shade  of  hair.  Nearly  all  red-haired  people 
have  a  high  chest  development,  and  most  of  them  are  Thoracics. 

Physical  Signs 

The  head  is  usually  a  little  higher  than  the  average  and  wider  at 
the  nose,  ears  and  across  the  cheek  bone,  giving  the  impression  of  a 
kite-shaped  face. 

The  chief  distinguishing  physical  signs  of  this  type  are  his  high  chest, 
his  long,  well-developed  trunk,   and  his  florid  complexion. 

You  can  always  tell  this  type  if  you  are  a  close  observer  by  noting 
that  in  men  their  coats  are  too  short,  and  in  women  you  get  the 
impression  that  they  are   "long-waisted." 

The  largest  part  of  the  body  in  this  type  is  the  chest.  The  shoulders 
are  broad  and  more  than  ordinarily  straight  across,  even  in  Thoracic 
women.  Women  of  this  type  appear  at  first  glance  to  have  hips  too 
small  for  the  rest  of  the  body,  but  it  is  not  this  so  much  as  that  the 
shoulders  and  chest  are  unusually  wide  and  high. 

Diseases 

This  type  is  more  free  from  disease  than  any  other,  unless  he  does 
two  things.  If  he  goes  at  too  fast  a  pace  (as  he  is  inclined  to  do)  he 
may  develop  Apoplexy,  especially  if  he  is  alimentively  inclined.  If  he 
exposes  himself,  as  he  is  very  likely  to  do,  lung  troubles  may  result. 

Movements 

Movements  of  this  type  are  quick  but  sure.  They  use  their  hands, 
arms  and  limbs  accurately  and  alertly.  They  walk  with  a  springy  step. 
TTiey  open  doors,  elevators,  etc.,  dexterously,  and  seldom  stumble. 

Voice 

The  voice  is  medium  or  of  high  pitch.  It  has  modulations  almost 
unknown  to  other  types,  owing  to  the  better  voice  equipment,  and 
Thoracics  make  the  world's  greatest  sopranos.  Thoracic  people  are 
more   "pleasantly  spoken"   than  other  types. 


12  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

The  Keynote  of  This  Type 

The  keynote  of  this  type  is  affectability. 

This  man  is  always,  even  under  the  appearance  of  composure,  a  wee 
bit  excited.  He  is  intensely  responsive  to  all  stimuli,  and  since  affect- 
ability and  accentuated  rapidity  of  blood  action  are  interrelated,  he  is 
often  easily  affected  and  shows  it  in  his  red  face.  He  will  laugh 
instantaneously,  but  the  next  moment,  when  you  have  thought  of  some- 
thing with  which  to  meet  his  mood,  he  has  changed  his  mood,  and  your 
words  fall  on  barren  soil.  This  man  will  be  powerfully  swayed  for  a 
few  moments  by  little  incidents  of  pathos  or  humor.  The  emotional 
appeal  arouses  him  instantly,  and,  if  the  action  demanded  is  one  which 
can  take  place  at  once,  he  will  follow  the  suggestion.  But  if  it  is  to  be 
done  next  day,  he  will  not  be  likely  to  do  it,  for  by  that  time  he  has 
had  another  mood,  has  been  swayed  by  other  stimuli,  and  when  you 
approach  him  you  think  you  have  found  a  different  man.  And  you 
have.  He  is  made  by  outside  stimuli,  and,  inasmuch  as  life  is  full  of 
millions  of  kinds  of  stimuli,  he  will  play  many  roles  in  the  course  of 
a  day. 

This  man  or  woman  is  intensely  sympathetic  for  an  Instant.  Tears 
spring  into  their  eyes  on  the  slightest  provocation.  The  Thoracics  can 
cry  at  the  sight  of  your  cut  finger  or  stubbed  toe.  But  they  seldom  DO 
anything  about  it.  And  the  explanation  is  clear  to  all  who  understand 
psychology.  The  individual  has  gotten  rid  of  his  emotion  via  his  tesu's, 
laughter,  or  exclamations,  and  no  further  relief  is  necessaury.  We  never 
do  anything  for  the  relief  of  suffering  except  when  it  is  the  only  avenue 
through  which  we  can  express  the  emotion  and  rid  ourselves  of  the 
pent-up  tension. 

By  reason  of  all  these  facts,  the  Thoracic  is  inclined  to  be  flighty. 

Clothes 

This  type  has  no  such  certain  predilections  concerning  clothes  as 
the  Alimentives  and  Mentals.  The  requisite  demanded  by  a  Thoracic 
is  that  his  clothes  shall  permit  of  instantaneous  movements.  He  resents 
things  that  bind  or  twist,  for  he  wants  nothing  to  interfere  when  he  gets 
ready  to  make  a  movement. 

Food 

Thoracic  people  are  often  more  dependent  on  the  surroundings 
where  they  dine  than  on  the  food  itself.  They  are  fastidious,  usually 
prefer  refined  or  artistic  music,  and  are  very  particular  about  clean 
linen,  good  silver,  attentive  waiters  and  the  right  "atmosphere."  They 
cannot  eat  at  lunch  counters  with  any  comfort  (unless  they  are  predomi- 
nantly Alimentive),  and  will  wait  through  several  hours  of  hunger  to 
get  home  and  dress  before  dining.      This  type  likes  a  great  variety  in 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  19 

Friends  He  Prefers 

The  Muscular  men  and  woman  prefer  "the  plain  people,"  for  they 
are  plain  themselves.  They  usually  seek  the  more  direct,  unassuming 
but  decisive  types  for  friends.  They  cannot  understand  the  people  who 
do  not  "come  right  out"  with  everything,  for  that  is  their  way.  "Polish" 
does  not  appeal  to  the  Muscular,  but  frankness  does. 

People  He  Most  Dislikes 

The  Muscular  is  especially  antagonistic  to  people  who  "pretend." 
He  dislikes  show  or  snobbishness,  and  is  seldom  overawed  by  them.  By 
reason  of  his  sheer  ability  (through  his  power  of  action)  he  feels  him- 
self the  equal  of  everyone,  and  sometimes  shows  it  so  plainly  (though 
unconsciously)  that  he  antagonizes  others.  He  is  democratic  but  not 
servile. 

For  these  reasons  the  Muscular  makes  up  a  large  percentage,  in 
fact,  a  majority,  of  the  radicals  in  every  country.  Most  of  the  pure 
Musculars  are  working  people  and  are  the  prophets  of  the  working  class. 

Amusements  and  Recreations 

Musculars  prefer  those  amusements  which  deal  with  the  lives, 
interests,  problems  and  characters  of  the  every-day  world.  They  usually 
want  to  see  what  good  is  going  to  be  derived  from  an  evening's  enter- 
tainment before  deciding  to  go,  and  then  they  prefer  the  play  or  picture 
which  deals  with  the  problems  of  ordinary  men  and  women  like  them- 
selves. Because  of  his  deep  emotional  nature  the  Muscular  likes  problem 
plays  and  serious  drama. 

In  physical  exercise  and  sports,  the  Muscular  excels  all  others.  His 
favorite  outdoor  exercises  are  walking,  swimming,  rowing,  driving  high- 
powered  cars,  and  all  things  that  move  rapidly.  Baseball  and  football 
are  favorites  also. 

Physical  Habits 

The  physical  habits  of  the  Muscular  are  neither  as  fastidious  as 
those  of  the  Thoracic  nor  as  careless  as  those  of  the  Alimentive.  Utility 
comes  into  play  here  as  in  everything  else  touched  by  the  Muscular. 
He  is  usually  clean,  but  not  always — depending  on  his  training — but  is 
seldom  conspicuous  for  his  style  or  the  lack  of  it. 

Music  He  Prefers 

The  Muscular,  by  reason  of  his  emotional  devolpment,  prefers  sad, 
emotional  music  to  any  other  kind.  Ragtime,  if  sufficiently  enthusiastic, 
is  a  favorite  occasionally. 


20  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

Reading 

Unless  combined  with  the  Mental,  the  Muscular  does  not  read  much. 
He  is  too  active  to  settle  down  to  finish  a  book  or  story. 

Types  They  Prefer  to  Marry 

The  Muscular  man  or  woman  vastly  prefers  a  plain,  every-day, 
enthusiastic,  democratic  partner  like  himself.  Frills  do  not  win  him. 
He  wants  worth.  The  Thoracic  woman  who  is  gay  and  flighty  disgusts 
him.  The  Muscular  does  not  ask  for  a  home-body  or  cook  as  does 
the  Alimentive,  nor  even  a  pretty  one  as  he  does;  he  does  not  demand 
a  particularly  fascinating  partner.  He  wants  a  good  mother  for  his 
children,  a  loyal,  monogamous  woman  who  is  always  the  same.  The 
Muscular  woman  wants  the  same  in  her  husband.  She  is  too  sober, 
staid  and  serious  to  appreciate  the  fine  points  and  "temperamentalness" 
of  the  Thoracic,  and  too  incurious  to  be  interested  in  them. 

Work  This  Type  Should  Follow 

Musculars  should  choose  vocations  which  give  opportunity  for 
movement  and  fairly  rapid  movement.  They  handle  all  kinds  of  large, 
powerful  machinery  more  expertly  than  any  other  type,  make  the  best 
chauffeurs,    engineers,    motormen,    miners,    and   lumbermen. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Musculars  are  the  most  hard-working  men  and 
women  of  all  types,  they  make  the  best  workmen,  and  in  large  groups 
where  each  man  cannot  be  supervised.  As  employes  they  act  efficiently, 
and  as  employers  they  demand  efficiency.  But  their  plain  ways  and 
feelings  unfit  them  for  praising  the  work  of  their  employes  sufficiently. 

The  Strongest  Point  of  This  Type 

The  strongest  points  of  this  type  are  his  vigor  and  enthusiasm — his 
ability  to  accomplish — and  his  capacity  to  help  others.  He  does  not 
express  as  much  sympathy  as  does  the  Thoracic,  but  he  does  things  to  re- 
lieve suffering. 

Weakest  Point 

The  weakest  point  of  the  Muscular  is  his  tendency  to  anger.  Pug- 
nacity goes  with  muscularity  just  as  amiability  goes  with  Alimentiveness, 
and  the  Muscular  is  always  getting  angry  and  doing  something  about  it. 

In  War 

In  war  the  Musculars  excelled  all  others  as  Artillerymen,  by  reason 
of  their  physical  strength  which  gave  capacity  for  handling  heavy  guns. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  15 

The  Strongest  Point  of  This  Type 

The  strongest  point  of  the  Thoracic  is  his  capacity  for  getting  his 
second  wind  and  his  quickness  and  responsiveness.  He  gets  the  point 
and  is  off  like  a  shot  to  do  the  necessary  thing.  Next  to  those  qualities, 
he  possesses  more  of  what  is  known  as  "personality"  than  any  other 
type. 

The  Weakest  Point 

Changeability,  flightiness  are  the  weaknesses  of  this  type.  If  you 
can  strike  while  the  iron  is  hot  you  can  get  a  Thoracic,  but  it  cools 
immediately.  If  you  fail  to  get  his  name  on  the  dotted  line  now,  you 
won't  get  it  tomorrow. 

In  War 

The  world  war  proved  that  Thoracics  made  the  best  aviators, 
sentinels  and  cavalrymen. 


The  Muscular  Type 

The  third  system  developed  by  evolution  was  the  muscular.  It 
consists  of  the  muscles.  Their  function  is  to  move  the  body  from 
place  to  place.  Until  muscles  were  evolved,  no  organism  could  move 
itself  from  the  spot  in  which  it  was  born. 

Musculars 

In  this  type  the  muscles  are  more  highly  developed  than  any  other 
system.  The  individual  may  not  be  large,  but  his  muscles  are  well 
defined.  The  first  impression  you  get  of  a  true  Muscular  is  that  he  is 
"solid,"  well  knit."  Musculars  are  the  strenuous  people  of  the  world. 
As  you  would  expect,  they  "move  themselves  from  place  to  place" 
more  often  than  other  people,  since  they  have  the  best  equipment  for 
it.  This  means  that  they  will  move  themselves  about  in  every  possible 
way.  They  will  cover  more  ground  in  a  day  (no  matter  what  the  work 
or  play)  than  the  average.  They  are  inclined  to  move  over  long 
distances  also,  and  make  the  largest  percentage  of  immigrants.  Most 
of  the  foreigners  who  come  to  America  are  Musculars. 

Physical  Signs 

The  first  physical  characteristic  of  the  Muscular  is  that  he  is  broad 
shouldered.  The  true  Muscular  is  slightly  below  medium  height  and 
from  that  down  to  short.  The  head  is  usually  rather  square,  the  hands 
are  not  fat  nor  long  nor  slender,  but  square,  and  show  well-developed 
muscles.  He  is  more  often  a  brunet  than  a  blonde,  but  at  the  ratio  of 
60  brunets  to  40  blondes  in  each  100  Musculars.  "Short  and  stocky" 
is  a  phrase  used  to  express  the  type  known  as  Muscular. 

As  the  jaw  is  the  only  part  of  the  head  that  moves,  and  as  the 
muscles  which  operate  the  jaw  are  the  largest  and  most  prominent 
muscles  in  the  head,  we  find  a  jaw  large  in  men  of  this  type.  This 
gives  the  square  appearance  to  the  face. 

The  head  is  medium  in  size  as  compared  with  the  body  proportions; 
muscular  neck,  and  a  tendency  toward  solidity  everywhere  are  other 
evidences.  The  body  as  a  whole  sometimes  gives  the  suggestion  of 
tapering  from  the  shoulders  to  the  feet — owing  to  the  unusual  breadth 
of  the  shoulders. 

The  hair  is  medium  fine  to  coarse  in  texture.  Features  are  rather 
bold,  though  not  angular. 

Diseases 

This  type  is  usually  robust  except  when  digestion  is  impaired. 
Owing  to  the  large  amount  of  work  this  type  does,  it  is  often  inclined 
to  overeat.      Rheumatism  is  the  disease  which  most  often  attacks  it. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  17 

Movements 

Musculars  move  with  forceful,  decisive  strides  and  reaches.  They 
walk  with  long,  swinging  strides,  even  when  short  in  stature.  They 
do  not  move  as  quickly  as  the  Thoracics  nor  as  heavily  as  the  Alimen- 
tives,  but  with  power  and  strength,   even  in  the  smallest  gestures. 

Voice 

The  voice  is  medium  to  low  in  pitch,  especially  in  men.  Whereas 
the  greatest  female  singers  are  Thoracics,  the  greatest  male  singers  are 
Muscular-Thoracics. 

The  Keynote  of  This  Type 

The   keynote   of   this   type   is  activity,    especially   physical   activity. 

The  Musculars  enjoy  strenuous  physical  exercise,  love  the  open  air,  and 
are  adapted  to  outdoor  w^ork. 

Musculars  love  motion,  speed,  activity,  physical  contest,  movement. 
The  greatest  athletes  are  extremes  of  this  type.  Football  players,  base- 
ball players,  rowers,  pugilists  and  acrobats  all  show  this  system  very 
markedly  developed. 

Since  action  is  the  keynote  of  this  type,  accomplishment,  industry 
and  energy  are  accompanying  characteristics.  The  Muscular  man  or 
woman  is  never  lazy.  He  may  not  have  a  mind  sufficiently  developed 
to  make  his  work  count,  but  he  will  work,  and  he  is  the  only  type 
that  is  actually  happier  when  working  than  when  not.  When  they 
have  a  mile  to  go,  they  prefer  walking  to  taking  a  street  car.  When 
deprived  of  exercise  they  lose  their  vitality,  for  the  extremely  developed 
muscular  mechanism  demands  the  chance  to  express  itself. 

Next  to  activity  comes  emotion  and  enthusiasm  in  the  Muscular.  He 
will  not  weep  instantaneous  tears  at  the  mishaps  of  others,  but  he  will 
do  something  about  it  next  day,  for  he  cannot  express  feeling  or  rid 
himself  of  tension  except  by  doing  things — by  activity. 

The  Muscular  is  deeply  emotional,  too  enthusiastic,  "takes  things  too 
hard."  He  is  more  direct  and  outspoken  than  Alimentives  or  Thoracics 
and  will  put  fewer  "trimmings"  on  things  than  either  of  the  above  named 
types.  He  is  an  every-day,  practical,  "human"  person.  He  works, 
works,  works,  all  the  time.  A  Muscular  child  though  shut  in  a  room  or 
placed  on  a  chair  will  find  something  to  do.  He  will  not  smile  like  the 
Alimentive,  get  hysterical  like  the  Thoracic,  sulk  like  the  Osseous  or 
brood  like  the  Mental  child  under  the  same  circumstances.  He  will  find 
something  to  do. 

When  combined  with  the  Mental,  this  makes  the  most  successful 
type  known,  for  the  two  elements  are  there — of  thinking  before  you 
act  and  then  not  failing  to  act.     All  other  types  do  too  much  of  one  or 


18  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

the  other.  It  has  been  said  that  the  world  is  divided  into  two  classes 
of  people — those  who  act  without  thinking  (and  as  a  result  are  always 
in  trouble  and  often  in  jail),  and  those  who  think  without  acting  (and 
who,  as  a  result,  are  usually  in  debt  and  often  in  the  poorhouse).  To 
be  a  successful  organism  every  individual  must  plan,  reason,  organize 
for  action  (which  requires  mental  development),  and  then  act  on  those 
plans   (which  requires  a  fair  amount  of  muscular  development). 

Do  not  forget  that  no  one  carries  out  his  plans  or  accomplishes 
unless  he  has  at  least  fair  muscularity.  Those  who  fail  to  accomplish 
will  give  all  kinds  of  reasons  for  it,  and  they  always  believe  they  are 
speaking  the  truth,  but  the  real  reason  is  lack  of  sufficient  muscularity. 
Muscularity  in  the  body  demands  and  promotes  action,  and  nothing  else 
does.  Since  success  depends  on  action,  the  Musculars  are  bound  to  go 
over  the  heads  of  the  others,  all  of  which  have  various  tendencies 
inhibiting  action.  That  is,  they  will  go  ahead  of  the  other  types,  provid- 
ing they  combine  with  the  Muscularity  sufficient  mental  development  to 
direct  the  action  properly.  A  Muscular  without  this  mentality  is  like  a 
powerful  car  with  an  ignorant  driver. 

Muscular  people  are  virile,  love  bulk,  utility,  efficiency.  They 
demand  efficiency  and  effectiveness,  and  the  shortest,  surest  route  to  a 
thing. 

Clothes 

Pure  Musculars  pay  little  attention  to  color,  line  or  the  esthetic  in 
clothes.  They  want  useful,  durable,  serviceable  things  to  wear,  and 
decidedly  prefer  heavier  and  coarser  materials  to  light,  fine  ones.  Utility 
is  one  of  the  watchwords  of  the  Muscular. 

Food 

The  Muscular  likes  heavy  foods,  though  not  rich  ones  like  the 
Alimentive.     He  is  fond  of  bread,  meat  and  potatoes. 

The  Thoracic  who  would  eat  the  dinner  of  a  different  nation  each 
day  is  a  mystery  to  him.  He  eats  more  meat  than  is  good  for  him,  is 
not  particular  about  surroundings,  and  wants  large,  generous  portions 
of  a  few  foods. 

Speech 

This  man  talks  forcibly,  frankly  and  uses  the  louder,  stronger  tones 
mostly.  He  does  not  modulate  his  voice  as  does  the  Thoracic,  and  is, 
therefore,  often  hard  to  listen  to.  He  may  be  very  well  educated,  but 
he  will  prefer  the  plain,  one-syllable  words  to  the  more  pretentious  ones, 
and  will  use  the  direct  rather  than  the  indirect  method  of  conveying  a 
thought.  He  does  not  deal  in  subtleties,  and  innuendoes  are  distasteful 
io  him. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  13 

food  as  well  as  in  everything  else,   and  is  given  to  sampling  all  kinds 
of  foreign  dishes. 

Speech 

This  man  is  a  much  more  entertaining  man  to  listen  to  and  talk 
with  than  the  Alimentive.  He  has  a  pleasant,  modulated  voice  when 
past  opportunity  has  been  given  for  its  development,  talks  quickly, 
sometimes  fascinatingly,  on  even  the  smallest  subject.  Unlike  the 
Alimentive,  he  is  interested  in  the  other  fellow's  viewpoint,  and  will 
draw  him  out — partly  for  the  "thrills'*  he  hopes  to  get  from  them — 
and  ask  many  more  questions  than  the  average. 

This  man  can  talk  on  the  slightest  matter  and  sound  interesting — 
largely  owing  to  the  pleasing  voice,   intonation  and  manner. 

Friends  He  Prefers 

The  Thoracic  has  more  friends  than  any  other  type  because  he  is 
genuinely  interested  in  many  kinds  of  people.  To  him  nothing  is  bore- 
some  as  long  as  it  is  different  and  affords  him  food  for  amusement  and 
thrills.  By  reason  of  his  quickness  in  response,  everyone  feels  the 
Thoracic  understands  him,  and  he  is  therefore  popular.  He  doesn't 
have  so  many  deep  friendships,  but  a  wider  circle  of  acquaintances. 

People  He  Most  Dislikes 

The  people  most  disliked  by  the  Thoracic  are  those  who  are  slower 
in  response  than  himself.  He  is  always  a  little  embarrassed  at  his  own 
susceptibility  and  does  not  understand  the  man  who  is  in  full  possession 
of  himself  at  all  times.  He  is  inclined  to  think  that  the  man  less  demon- 
strative than  himself  does  not  feel.  He  sometimes  calls  him  unsympa- 
thetic and  slow. 

Amusements  and  Recreations 

The  Thoracic  cares  for  a  larger  variety  of  amusements  than  any 
other  type  because  it  takes  variety  to  keep  up  the  thrills.  He  cares 
especially  for  all  those  public  entertainments  which  draw  large  crowds, 
where  there  is  music,  movement,  types  of  people,  color,  vividness  and 
variety.  He  is  particularly  fond  of  viewing  parades,  likes  vaudeville, 
dancing,  receptions  and  all  amusements  where  he  and  all  his  fellows  show 
to  best  advantage. 

Because  he  is  such  a  creature  of  moods,  the  Thoracic  will  often  be 
found  attending  the  most  serious  lectures.  He  is  a  delver  for  new 
ideas,  new  feelings,  new  outlooks. 

He  likes  to  shine  socially,  and,  as  he  has  the  best  equipment  for  it 
in  his  charming  conversational  powers,  he  usually  does. 


14  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

Physical  Habits 

The  physical  habits  of  the  Thoracic  are  more  fastidious  than  those 
of  any  other  type,  unless  he  is  a  combination.  The  pure  Thoracic  is 
immaculate  whenever  possible,  fond  of  splashes  of  color  on  his  clothes, 
Jikes  gems,  and  would  prefer  to  wear  a  different  suit  every  day.  He 
has  the  best  taste  in  dress  of  any  type. 

Music  He  Prefers 
The  pure  Thoracic  likes  every  kind  of  music  except  the  sad  or  slow. 

Reading 

The  Thoracic  will  read  everything.  He  is,  remember,  a  searcher  for 
thrills  and  new  experiences,  and  he  spares  no  pains  to  get  them.  If 
largely  mental,  he  will  become  interested  in  intellectual  pursuits,  and 
at  the  same  time  take  a  real  interest  in  the  humorous.  The  Thoracic 
usually  has  a  highly  developed  sense  of  humor. 

Types  They  Prefer  to  Marry 

Thoracic  men  always  prefer  to  marry  those  who  are  gay,  charming, 
fascinating  and  ready  to  enter  into  recreations.  They  do  not  look  for 
"home-bodies,"  but  would  prefer  a  wife  who  was  always  in  a  mood  to 
go  out  in  the  evening  to  one  who  claimed  she  could  not  leave  her 
household  duties.  The  Thoracic  man  wants  an  interesting  wife  who 
always  looks  well  and  cares  not  how  many  servants  he  must  keep  to 
bring  about  that  result. 

The  Thoracic  woman  prefers  a  "gay  devil"  to  a  "good  man  and 
true,"  when  looking  for  a  husband.  She  gets  a  certain  thrill  from  the 
uncertainty  he  creates,  and  always  admires  his  type  most.  She  is  usually 
able  to  keep  her  mate,  for,  although  the  Alimentive  is  the  prettiest 
woman,  the  Thoracic  is  the  most  beautiful  of  all  types. 

Work  This  Type  Should  Follow 

The  Thoracic,  when  pure  in  type,  must  get  into  work  which  gives 
freedom  of  movement,  is  full  of  rapid  changes  and  much  variety.  The 
exact  nature  of  the  work  will  always  depend,  in  his  case,  on  the  element 
next  strongest  to  Thoracicness  in  his  make-up,  but,  on  the  whole,  he 
must  have  change  in  his  work.  Routine  galls  him,  details  usually  irk 
him  and  sedentary  jobs  madden  him. 

Because  he  likes  to  meet  people,  especially  new  ones,  and  is  popular 
and  entertaining,  he  should  be  in  work  which  calls  for  those  outstanding 
qualities — such  as  advertising,  salesmanship,  reception  experts  in  large 
businesses,  where  a  special  man  meets  the  public,   publicity  work,   etc. 


p^' 


^"^        The  Osseous  Type 

The  fourth  stage  in  human  evolution  was  the  development  of  the 
Osseous  or  bony  framework,  known  as  the  skeleton.  Its  function  is  to 
hold  the  body  upright.  After  large  muscles  were  evolved,  a  "scaflFold- 
ing"  became  necessary,  in  order  that  the  organism  might  more  effectively 
withstand  attack,  retain  its  position  and  defend  itself  against  its 
environment. 

Those  human  beings  in  whom  the  bony  system  is  the  most  highly 
developed  of  all  the  five  systems  are  called 

Osseous 

In  this  individual  the  bones  are  prominent.  The  first  impression 
you  get  of  him  is  that  he  is  "raw-boned." 

The  pure  Osseous  are  the  stubborn  people  of  the  world.  You  can't 
sway  them,  particularly  if  they  think  you  are  trying  to.  They  are 
dogmatic,  bullheaded,  self-willed,  headstrong,  obstinate. 

They  make  up  their  minds  slowly,  and,  once  having  made  a  decision, 
stick  to  it. 

"Bone  in  the  body  means  bone  in  the  brain,"  just  as  "Fat  in  the 
body  means  fat  in  the  brain,"  and  you  need  not  expect  to  bend  the 
bony  man's  mind  any  more  easily  than  you  can  bend  his  body. 

The  fat  man  will  let  you  impress  him  just  as  you  can  make  a  dent 
in  a  soft  pillow,  but  he  will  not  stay  put  any  more  than  the  dent  which 
you  put  into  the  soft  pillow.  The  bony  man  is  different.  He  is  difficult 
to  impress  just  as  a  bone  is  difficult  to  change.  But  once  you  have 
changed  him,  he  will  stay  that  way  a  long  while. 

The  Osseous  make  the  martyrs  of  the  world,  for  they  are  almost 
the  only  people  of  sufficient  persistence  to  stand  out  against  terrific  odds. 
The  ostracism  of  the  world  does  not  bend  or  break  the  Osseous  as  it 
breaks  other  types,  for  they  are  unmoved,  untouched  and  unscathed 
by  many  thrusts  which  would  crush  other  people.  The  reason  for  this 
is  that  the  Osseous  person  does  not  feel  the  blow  as  keenly  as  other 
types.  He  is  much  less  sensitive  to  stimuli,  and  therefore  fails  to  get 
nnany  impressions  which  others  get.  He  is  the  exact  opposite,  in  this 
respect,  of  the  Thoracic,  who  is  affected  by  every  stimulus.  The 
Osseous  responds  to  few  impressions  because  he  gets  but  few.  The 
Thoracic  responds  to  many  because  he  gets  many. 

In  love,  war,  business,  social  relationships,  marriage,  church  and 
home,  the  Osseous  man  remains  the  same.  He  seems  stolid  to  other 
people,  but  he  does  not  mean  to  be.  He  seems  stolid  because  he  simply 
never  sees  the  necessity  nor  feels  the  impulse  to  explode  as  do  the  other 
types.      When   honest,    he   is   the    most    dependable    type   known — ^will 


22  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

go  through  fire  to  accomplish  what  he  sets  out  to  accomplish — and  will 
often  be  found  pounding  away  on  an  invention,  a  book,  an  idea,  a 
business  or  a  line  of  work  which  he  started  forty  years  before.  That 
it  may  be  entirely  out  of  date  now  and  useless  makes  no  difference. 
He  keeps  at  his  hobby  or  conviction. 

Physical  Signs 

The  body  of  the  true  Osseous  type  is  large-boned;  when  he  is  an 
extreme  Osseous  he  will  be  angular,  awkward,  and  with  large  ankles, 
big  wrists,  high  cheek-bones,  square  shoulders,  big  feet,  big  hands,  etc. 

He  is  tall.  Every  person  who  is  tall  has  some  Osseous  traits,  for  his 
very  height  proves  that  he  has  a  large  Osseous  element,  though  it  does 
not  prove  that  the  Osseous  predominates  in  him.  Note  carefully  what 
other  elements  are  developed  in  him — whether  Alimentive,  Thoracic, 
Muscular  or  Mental — before  deciding  his  nature.  But  remember  this: 
every  bony  person  is  slower  than  others,   no  matter  what  he  is  doing. 

The  North  Europe  races — Scandinavian,  Scotch,  English,  Welsh — 
are  the  most  osseous  of  all  races  and  express  the  traits  of  the  Osseous 
as  national  characteristics:  the  buUheadness  of  the  English,  the  immov- 
ability of  the  Scotch,  the  indifference  of  the  Scandinavian  and  the 
stubbornness  of  the  Welsh. 

Diseases 

Spinal  diseases  and  diseases  of  the  joints  are  the  only  maladies 
which  can  be  said  to  predominate  in  the  Osseous.  But  the  Osseous  man 
is  inclined  to  bring  on  various  ailments  through  his  long-sustained  moods 
of  anger,  grief,  worry,  etc. 

Movements 

The  movements  of  the  Osseous  people  are  slow,  awkward,  angular, 
irregular.  They  are  not  graceful  like  the  Thoracic  nor  incisive  like  the 
Muscular,  but  unwieldy. 

Voice 

The  voice  of  the  Osseous  is  heavier  than  any  other  except  the 
Muscular,  and  is  often  harsh  and  raucous,  though  not  always. 

The  Keynote  of  This  Type 

The  keynote  of  this  type  is  immovability.  This  results  in  stability, 
unchangingness,  hard-headedness  and  all  the  ramifications  of  stubborn- 
ness. 

In  dealing  with  these  people  great  tact  and  diplomacy  are  necessary. 
They  resent  any  attempt  to  force  them  to  decision  or  action,  and  when 
their  resentment  is  aroused,  it  is  practically  useless  to  attempt  further 
persuasion. 

Appeals  to  the  sympathy  will  usually  fail. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  23 

The  Osseous  is  often  proud  and  will  do  the  things  that  minister  to 
his  pride.     The  Osseous  often  loves  power. 

Your  only  hope  in  dealing  with  Osseous  people  is  so  to  arouse  and 
direct  their  hard,  driving  tendencies  as  to  make  them  think  they  are 
having  their  own  way. 

Clothes 

The  Osseous  man  is  more  often  seen  in  ill-fitting,  awkward  garments, 
for  he  is  so  different  in  shape  from  the  men  for  whom  ready-made  things 
are  manufactured.      But  this  does  not  trouble  him. 

Osseous  women  care  less  for  dress  than  any  other  type  and  pay 
little  attention  to  it,  A  habit  of  both  men  and  women  of  the  Osseous 
type  is  to  find  a  style  that  suits  them — and  then  stick  to  it  years  after 
it  is  out  of  date. 

Food 

The  Osseous  man  likes  the  plainer  foods,  and  eats  the  same  kinds 
as  the  Muscular  man,  except  that  he  does  not  care  for  such  large 
portions,  and  seldom  overeats  as  does  the  Muscular.  The  Osseous  man 
is  more  often  underweight  than  overweight,  while  the  Muscular  is  more 
often  overweight. 

Speech 

The  Osseous  man  or  woman  is  the  person  of  fewest  words.  He  is 
often  taciturn,  uncommunicative,  and  when  he  does  speak,  gets  it  all 
out  in  short  sentences  and  short  syllables. 

Friends  He  Prefers 

The  Osseous  man  wants  only  those  who  agree  with  him  for  friends, 
and  will  seldom  tolerate  any  other  kind.  He  wants  to  dominate  the 
opinions,  convictions  and  beliefs  of  his  friends,  and  is  unrelenting  when 
opposed. 

All  extreme  Osseous  men  and  women  find  themselves  cultivating 
the  friendship  of  more  or  less  easy-going  people,  because  these  are  the 
only  ones  who  will  not  fight  back. 

Most  of  this  type  are  stingy,  close-fisted  people,  though  some  of  the 
most  generous  have  been  found  in  this  type.  Remember,  whatever  the 
Osseous  does,  he  does  in  the  extreme. 

People  He  Most  Dislikes 

The  Osseous  most  dislikes  those  who  differ  with  him.  He  will  not 
tolerate  or  endure  people  who  oppose  him  or  people  who  try  to  dictate 
to  him  or  in  any  way  influence  him.      He  is  extremely  wary  and  some- 


24  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

times  suspicious  of  people  who  try  to  get  him  to  do  what  he  does  not 
want  to  do. 

The  Osseous  type  is  not  susceptible  to  flattery  and  does  not  yield 
to  it  as  does  the  Alimentive.  He  sees  through  it  and  dislikes  those  who 
deal  in  it. 

Amusements  and  Recreations 

The  favorite  outdoor  sport  of  the  Osseous  is  hiking,  running  and 
hurdling.  We  naturally  like  what  we  excel  in,  and  the  Osseous  excels 
in  these  because  of  his  long  limbs.     He  is  agile  and  rapid  in  sports  if  thin. 

Amusements  interest  the  Osseous  less  than  any  other  type.  This 
is  true  because,  to  be  amused,  one  must  yield  to  stimuli,  and  the  Osseous 
cannot  do  this.  Most  amusements  seem  silly  to  him,  and  he  does  not 
adapt  himself  with  sufficient  quickness  to  get  the  most  out  of  entertain- 
ments or  to  be  popular.  Therefore,  he  does  not  have  as  good  a  time 
as  the  other  types,  for  we  all  avoid  the  situations  in  which  we  do  not 
enjoy  ourselves. 

The  Osseous  man  or  woman  is  very  likely  not  to  care  for  frivolities 
of  any  kind.  Osseous  people  seldom  dance,  walk  or  in  any  way 
conduct  themselves  with  grace,  and,  as  a  result,  do  not  care  for  these 
diversions. 

Physical  Habits 

The  Osseous  is  indifferent  in  his  physical  habits,  though  not  lacking 
in  cleanliness.  He  thinks  little  about  his  physical  well-being  as  a 
whole,   and  is  more  indifferent  to  his  appearance  than  any  other  type. 

Music  He  Prefers 

The  Osseous  prefers  martial  music  and  marches. 

Reading 

The  Osseous  usually  reads  only  one  line  of  thought  at  a  time  and 
will  spend  years  on  one  subject. 

Types  They  Prefer  To  Marry 

The  Osseous  prefers  to  marry  the  same  kind  of  people  that  he 
chooses  for  friends — people  who  will  not  interfere  with  him. 

Work  This  Type  Should  Follow 

Farming,  stock  raising  or  other  pioneer  vocations  are  almost  the 
only  ones  in  which  a  true  Osseous  can  succeed,  for  he  does  not  get  on 
well  with  people,  and  he,  therefore,  can  neither  dictate  to  others  nor  be 
dictated  to  by  them.  The  more  independent  the  position — free  from 
contact  with  other  men  and  women — the  more  likely  he  will  be  to 
succeed  in  it. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  25 

The  Osseous,  when  combined  with  the  Mental,  makes  a  powerful 
boss,  but  otherwise  he  is  a  slave  driver  who  incurs  the  hatred  of  his  sub- 
ordinates, or  if  an  employe,  a  mulish  insubordinate  who  incurs  the  dislike 
of  his  superior  officers. 

The  Strongest  Point 

The  strongest  point  of  the  Osseous  is  his  reliability  and  determination. 

The  Weakest  Point 

His  weakest  point  is  his  obstinacy.  This  loses  him  many  of  the 
good  things  he  could  otherwise  get  out  of  life. 

In  War 

In  war  the  Osseous  proved  the  best  in  attack  and  dogged  charges. 


The  Cerebral  or  Mental  Type 

The  fifth  and  latest  stage  in  human  evolution  was  the  growth  of  the 
nervous  system.  This  system  consists  of  the  brain  and  the  nerves.  The 
brain  is  the  "headquarters"  of  the  entire  nervous  system,  with  the 
millions  of  sensitive  nerves  acting  as  the  telegraph  wires  which  receive 
messages  from  the  outer  world  (in  the  form  of  tasting,  touching,  smell- 
ing, hearing  and  seeing)  and  send  them  over  the  nerves  to  the  brain. 
In  turn,  the  brain  correlates  these  sensations  which  it  has  received  from 
the  outside  world  and  proceeds,  through  the  nerves,  muscles,  bones 
and  the  other  systems,  to  put  forth  such  efforts  as  are  necessary  to  meet 
the  environment. 

The  function  of  the  nervous  system  is,  therefore,  to  get  such  sensa- 
tions from  the  outside  world  as  are  necessary  to  warn  the  individual 
of  danger,  apprise  him  of  opportunities  and  protect  him — to  send  the 
report  of  outside  conditions  to  the  brain.  The  brain  decides  what 
action  is  to  be  taken  and  "gives  the  orders"  which  the  remainder  of 
the  body  obeys. 

Those  individuals  in  whom  the  brain  and  nervous  system  are  more 
highly  developed  are  known  as 

Cerebrals 

(From  the  word  "cerebrum"  or  thinking  part  of  the  brain) 

or 
Mentals 

The  Mental  type  is  that  in  which  the  mental  system  (brain  and 
nerves)  predominates.  That  is,  the  brain  and  head  are  clearly  more 
developed  than  muscles,  bone,  stomach  or  chest. 

The  brain  was  the  latest  organ  developed  by  evolution,  and  those 
persons  in  whom  the  brain  is  most  highly  developed  are  of  a  later 
stamp,  evolutionally. 

But  bear  in  mind,  this  does  not  mean  that  the  Mental  man  is  more 
wholesome,  successful  or  useful  in  the  world  than  other  types.  It  merely 
means  that  he  has  a  greater  number  of  cylinders  in  his  mental  engine 
than  other  types.  He  may  use  those  cylinders  in  such  a  way  as  to  be 
criminal,  weak  or  useless  both  to  the  world  and  to  himself. 

And  thus  it  may  happen — and  usually  does  happen — that  the  pure 
mental  type  is  less  successful  in  the  world  today  than  other  types, 
because  the  world  today  is  not  as  highly  evolved  as  is  the  Mental  man. 
The  world  is  made  up  of  the  average  man  and  woman — and  the  average 
man  and  woman  cannot  uiiderstand  nor  appreciate  the  fineness  and 
advanced  attitudes  of  the  pure  mental  type.     For  that  reason  they  make 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  27 

it  a  hard  world  for  him,  and  he  is  the  most  unhappy  of  all  types,  the 
least  understood  and  least  appreciated. 

The  world  demands  power,  wealth,  position,  aggressiveness,  etc.,  in 
its  heroes.  The  Mental  man  cares  for  none  of  these,  for  he  lives  in  the 
realm  of  thoughts,  ideas — the  dominion  of  the  mind — and  does  not  fit. 

The  aim  of  any  organism  is  to  react  successfully  to  its  environment. 
This  is  the  test  of  success  and  happiness.  The  environment  of  today 
is  one  of  stress,  opposition  and  a  scramble  for  things.  The  pure  Mental 
is  not  built  for  the  fight,  and  he  does  not  care  for  the  things  it  would 
get  him.  Therefore,  he  is  often  a  failure,  just  by  reason  of  being  too 
far  ahead  of  his  time.  He  is  not  after  the  things  other  people  are  after. 
Naturally,   he  does  not  get  them. 

Physical  Signs 

The  pure  Mental  has  a  distinct  physique.  He  is  frail,  and  delicate  in 
structure  even  when  tall.  But  he  is  more  often  below  medium  height. 
His  features  are  more  refined,  more  sensitive  than  those  of  other  types. 
His  hands  and  feet  are  small,  often  delicate.  His  head  is  large  in 
proportion  to  the  body,  and  pear-shaped — with  the  small  end  down. 
The  face  often  has  the  appearance  of  a  triangle,  with  the  large  end 
at  the  top  and  the  chin  tapering  to  a  point. 

In  pure  Mentals  the  mouth  is  small,  the  jaw  bones  small,  and  the 
chin     delicate.      The  hair  is  from  fine  to  very  fine. 

Diseases 

^  ,  Mental  and  nervous  diseases  afflict  the  Mental  type.  Also  digestive 
troubles  and  liver  complaints  are  liable  to  befall  him.  His  stomach 
is  seldom  well  developed.  He  pays  little  attention  to  food,  stays  up 
to  read  and  think  when  he  should  be  asleep,  and  abuses  his  body  because 
he  lives  more  in  his  brain  than  in  his  body. 

Movements 

All  movements  of  the  Mental  are  quick,  instantaneous  and  sometimes 
nervous.  He  walks  with  a  swift  step,  uses  hands  and  arms  swiftly,  and 
does  everything  with  alertness. 

Voice 

The  voice  of  the  Mental  is  from  medium  to  high  pitch  and  sometimes 
shrill. 

The  Keynote  of  This  Type 

The  keynote  of  this  type  is  sensitivity.  He  hears,  smells,  tastes,  feels 
and  sees  with  greater  quickness  and  sensitiveness  than  any  other  type, 
and,  in  turn,  responds  more  quickly  to  all  these  outside  sensations. 

Second,  the  instinct  of  cerebration  characterizes  this  type. 


28  THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES 

His  aim  in  life  is  to  be  let  alone  to  think,  imagine,  dream,  plan,  and 

read.  He  is  eternally  after  food  for  his  mind,  and  nothing  in  life  takes 
precedence  of  that.  He  will  spend  days  reading  and  count  the  world 
well  lost.  He  cares  little  for  money  or  power.  He  asks  but  one  thing 
of  the  world — leasure  to  cultivate  his  mind. 

Clothes 

The  Mental  is  indifferent  to  clothes.  He  will  sometimes  be  seen 
walking  to  the  office  in  his  bedroom  slippers.  He  neither  knows  nor 
cares  what  the  styles  are,  for  in  his  world  there  are  no  styles  except 
the  "style"  of  writers,  and  the  only  clothes  he  is  interested  in  are  the 
things  in  which  the  thinkers  "clothe"  their  ideas. 

Food 

The  Mental  is  not  interested  in  food.  He  is  usually  undernourished, 
because  he  will  not  take  the  time  away  from  his  studies  and  books  to 
eat — and  often  because  he  does  not  have  the  money  for  food.  He  is 
content  with  a  cracker  and  book. 

This  is  the  reason  for  his  stomach  troubles,  liver  complaints,  etc. 

Speech 

The  speech  of  the  pure  Mental  is  about  ideas  instead  of  things.  It 
will  be  polished  or  crude,  according  to  his  education.  It  will  never  be 
coarse  like  that  of  the  Muscular,  low  like  that  of  the  lower  type  of 
Alimentive,  nor  harsh  like  that  of  the  Osseous.  The  Mental  often 
indicates  timidity  in  his  speech  because  he  is  timid — made  so  by  a 
hostile  world. 

Friends  He  Prefers 

The  Mental  cares  less  for  friends  than  any  other  type — preferring 
his  books  to  the  conversation  of  human  beings.  But  occasionally  he 
will  find  someone  who  understands  his  viewpoints,  and  then  he  is 
friendly.  But  he  does  not  mix  well  and  seldom  seeks  those  whose 
mental  outlook  is  different  from  his  own. 

People  He  Most  Dislikes 

The  people  most  disliked  by  the  Mentals  are  the  ignorant.  The 
Mental  man  is  disgusted  with  those  who  do  not  care  for  knowledge. 
He  can  forgive  criminality,  selfishness — anything  except  ignorance.  In 
fact,  the  Mental  sometimes  is  criminal  himself.  He  dislikes  activity 
above  all  things,  and  inasmuch  as  activity  is  the  price  demanded  for 
money,  and  inasmuch  as  he  has  the  brains  which  give  cunning,  he 
sometimes  becomes  a  criminal.  These  types  are  far  more  successful 
in  crime  than  the  more  clumsy  criminals. 


THE  FIVE  HUMAN  TYPES  29 

Amusements  and  Recreations 

The  only  amusements  the  Mental  cares  for  are  those  which  call  for 
mental  activity — lectures  on  serious  subjects,  chats  with  congenial  friends 
on  serious  subjects,  reading,  etc.  The  amusements  indulged  in  by  the 
average  man  and  woman  never  appeal  to  him.  He  is  far  happier 
secluded  with  a  book  than  with  people.  Noises,  music  and  crowds 
usually  disturb   and   annoy  him. 

Physical  Habits 

The  Mental  is  usually  more  cleanly  than  he  is  given  credit  for. 
His  clothes  may  not  be  pressed — for  he  is  not  interested  in  the 
conventions,  but  he  will  be  clean  underneath  them — for  he  is  sensitive. 

Music  He  Prefers 

Mentals  usually  prefer  classical  music. 

Reading 

Serious  reading  interests  the  Mental. 

Types  They  Prefer  to  Marry 

Mentals  are  not  sensual,  and  often  do  not  marry.  When  they  do, 
they  prefer  serious-minded  women  who  are  interested  in  books.  They 
do  not  care   for  women  of  less  education  than  themselves. 

Work  This  Type  Should  Follow 

Mentals  must  follow  Mental  work.  They  cannot  be  successful  in 
any  other  kind.  Such  children  should  be  given  a  good  education,  for 
only  failure  awaits  the  Mental  who  is  without  it. 

Education,  authorship,  philosophy,  library  work,  research  work, 
translating,   etc.,  are  the  lines  this  type  should  follow. 

The  Strongest  Point  of  This  Type 

The  strongest  point  of  this  type  is  that  he  thinks  where  the  other 
types  feel.  He  keeps  abreast  of  his  time  and  usually  ahead.  He  leads 
the  world  in  ideas. 

Weakest  Point 

The  weakest  point  of  this  type  is  his  impracticality. 

In  War 

There  is  no  place  in  warfare  for  the  pure  Mental,  but  when  combined 
with  the  Muscular,  he  makes  the  best  officer,  for  his  brain  furnishes 
the  plans. 


"lAL  FINE  OP  25  CENT? 

^^SSED  FOR   FAILURE  TP  ^^ 


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